Voters said the economy and immigration were the top issues facing the country, but the future of democracy also was a leading motivator for many Americans casting a ballot in Tuesday's presidential election.
AP VoteCast, an expansive survey of more than 110,000 voters nationwide, found a country mired in negativity and desperate for change as Americans faced a stark choice between former President Donald Trump and Vice President Kamala Harris.
Trump, the Republican, sought to define the election as a referendum on the Biden-Harris administration and blamed it for inflation and illegal crossings at the U.S. border with Mexico. Harris, the Democrat, tried to brand herself as being more focused on the future and described Trump as old, tired and a threat to the Constitution.
About 4-in-10 voters considered the economy and jobs to be the most important problem facing the country, as frustration with inflation spiking in 2022 lingered in the form of higher grocery, housing and gasoline costs. Roughly 2-in-10 voters said the top issue is immigration, and about 1-in-10 picked abortion.
But when asked what most influenced their vote, about half of voters identified the future of democracy as the most important factor. That was higher than the share who answered the same way about inflation, the situation at the U.S.-Mexico border, abortion policy or free speech.
Those issues also outweighed considerations of recent assassination attempts against Trump or the legal cases he is facing, as well as the possibility of Harris becoming the first female president.
Trump held an advantage over Harris on which candidate could better handle the economy, as well as on the issue of immigration. On abortion, Harris was seen as the stronger candidate.
Trump said tariffs on rivals and allies alike — as well as greater oil production — would pump up the economy, but Harris said tariffs would worsen inflation. She maintained that tax breaks for parents and assistance for new homebuyers as well as start-up company founders would be more helpful.
On the question of who would better handle taxes, AP VoteCast found the two polled relatively even.
What unified the country was a sense that the status quo hasn't been working. About 8-in-10 voters want at least "substantial change" in how the country is run, including about one-quarter who said they want complete and total upheaval.
About 7-in-10 voters said the country was on the wrong track, with Trump promising a return to his time in the White House as the fix and Harris saying her policies were geared toward the future.
About 6-in-10 described the economy as not so good or poor, similar to four years ago, when the economy was staying afloat behind trillions of dollars in government aid provided during the pandemic. But as the country came out of the pandemic, inflation began to climb because of supply shortages and higher consumer demand aided by additional government relief.
About two-thirds of voters said they were very concerned about the cost of food and groceries. About half had concerns about healthcare, housing costs and gasoline prices.
Almost 6-in-10 voters said their personal finances were holding steady. But about 3-in-10 described themselves as "falling behind," a higher share than in 2020.
Still, both candidates' experiences raised some sharp questions from voters about whether they should be in the White House.
Harris' time as Biden's vice president and quick ascendance to the Democratic nomination left about one-quarter of voters seeing her as untested – a characterization that Trump doesn't face so substantially after having been commander-in-chief from 2017 to 2021.
Nearly 6-in-10 are very or somewhat concerned that another Trump term would bring the U.S. closer to being an authoritarian country, where a single leader has unchecked power. Slightly fewer than half said the same about Harris.
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