One of the main problems caused by macrophage immune cells is that generate high levels of free radicals.

But inflammation activates an enzyme called inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which generates high levels of nitric oxide.

When this nitric oxide combines with the superoxide radical, it forms a very powerful free radical called peroxynitrite, which can do considerable damage to the wall of the blood vessel.

This is why you should avoid supplements that increase nitric oxide levels.

Berberine has been shown to inhibit iNOS, thus lowering nitric oxide levels while stimulating the generation of another powerful antioxidant called heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1).

That antioxidant neutralizes the free radicals that are produced by macrophages and by oxidized fats.

While this all sounds good in theory, the proof in the pudding is whether or not it reduces atherosclerosis plaque itself.

And in fact, studies have shown that berberine not only reduced the risk of developing atherosclerosis, it also reduced the size of the plaque produced and improved the stability of the plaque, so that it was less likely to rupture.

Therefore, berberine also reduced the risk of heart attack.