The Supreme Court on Monday declined to hear a bid by parents to sue a public school district in Massachusetts over actions by teachers and officials to support the gender identity of students by not disclosing name or pronoun changes to parents without the child's consent.
The justices turned away an appeal by the parents of a student who had self-identified as "genderqueer" while attending a middle school in the Massachusetts town of Ludlow after a lower court threw out their lawsuit.
The plaintiffs claimed officials treated their child as nonbinary and hid this information from them in violation of their fundamental parental rights as protected by the Constitution's 14th Amendment promise of due process.
The case comes in the wake of a significant decision by the court on March 2 to block similar measures in California that could limit the sharing of information with parents about the gender identity of transgender public school students without the child's permission.
Disputes over efforts to support and protect the privacy of transgender and gender nonconforming students are playing out across the U.S.
The court in 2024 turned away similar challenges in Wisconsin and Maryland.
The court, which has a 6-3 conservative majority, is also confronting escalating efforts by President Donald Trump's administration and Republican-led states to restrict the rights of transgender people.
Last June, the court upheld a Republican-backed ban in Tennessee on transgender medical care for minors.
In January, the court also appeared ready to uphold state laws banning male-born athletes from female sports teams, with a ruling pending on that matter.
The Massachusetts parents, Stephen Foote and Marissa Silvestri, said in court papers that teachers and officials at Baird Middle School in Ludlow pushed "gender ideology" on children without the knowledge of parents.
As a result, the plaintiffs said, their 11-year-old child, known as "B.F.," began to question the student's gender identity.
After asking teachers and staff to use a new name and pronoun, the student also asked school officials to continue to use the child's original name and female pronouns when communicating with the parents, according to court filings.
The child identified as genderqueer, meaning a person who does not follow binary gender male-female norms.
The parents sued the town, the Ludlow School Committee and certain officials, saying their actions undermined their 14th Amendment due process rights, which the Supreme Court has long held protects the fundamental right of parents to direct the care and upbringing of their children.
The parents said that "so-called gender transition" is harmful and that theirs is a moral objection, not a religious one.
They are being represented at the Supreme Court by the Alliance Defending Freedom conservative Christian legal group.
A federal judge threw out the case in 2022.
The Boston-based 1st U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals upheld the dismissal in 2025, concluding that the parents had not sufficiently shown a deprivation of their parental rights, including to direct the medical care of their child.
The 1st Circuit said it was "unconvinced that merely alleging Ludlow's use of gender-affirming pronouns or a gender-affirming name suffices to state a claim that the school provided medical treatment to the student."
The deference by school officials to the wishes of students about whether to disclose their gender identity to parents allows the children to "express their identity without worrying about parental backlash," the 1st Circuit said, adding that the protocol does not coerce students to conceal information or restrain the actions of parents outside of school.
"Parents remain free to strive to mold their child according to the parents' own beliefs," the 1st Circuit said.
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