Because of the stigma and denial about substance use disorders, recognizing when someone is at risk or already has a problem can be difficult, especially with older adults.

If two or more of the following clues to substance abuse are being witnessed, it may be time to seek help.

You might consider that a problem is present if your friend or family member does the following:

• Often anticipates their next opportunity to drink or use drugs

• Needs higher doses of the substance to feel satisfied

• Frequently thinks about previous experiences when using

• Finds it difficult to cut back on or stop using drugs or alcohol

• Experiences withdrawal symptoms, such as restlessness, irritability, mood changes, or physical symptoms when trying to cut back on use

• Uses substances for longer periods and at higher doses than originally intended

• Finds that substance use has had a negative effect on their job, education, and/or relationships

• Often conceals their drinking or drug use

• Uses substances to relieve uncomfortable feelings, escape problems, or avoid relationships