Genes may play a role in stress fractures, suggesting personalized healthcare approaches may be the best way to prevent and treat these common sports injuries.

In findings published in The Official Journal of the International Purine Club University of Liverpool, researchers identified how certain genes can contribute to a person's susceptibility to stress fracture injuries, which are caused by repeated pressure over time.

Lead researcher Jim Gallagher and his team at the University's Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease examined military recruits and elite athletes and found those with defects in a specific gene, P2X7R, were more likely to suffer such injuries.

"The study found that two specific variations within the gene were associated with stress fracture injuries in healthy, exercising individuals. The precise mechanism by which these variations may influence stress fracture risk is unknown but may include decreased sensitivity of bone to mechanical loading or adverse changes to specific bone cells," Gallagher said.

"Further work with a larger sample group is needed to explain the mechanisms at work and to help us develop preventative measures and more suitable personalized treatments."