The Senate early Friday approved Department of Homeland Security funds to pay Transportation Security Administration agents and most other agencies but not the immigration enforcement operations at the heart of the budget impasse that has jammed airports, disrupted travel, and imposed financial hardship on workers.
The deal, which the Senate approved unanimously without a roll call, next goes to the House, which could consider it Friday, though Speaker Mike Johnson said he would need to meet with his fellow Republicans first to determine the best way to proceed. Republicans are angry that the entire department was not funded.
With pressure mounting to resolve the 42-day stalemate over funding for Homeland Security, the endgame emerged in the final hours before TSA workers were to miss another paycheck Friday.
President Donald Trump said he would sign an order to immediately pay the TSA agents, saying he wanted to quickly stop the "Chaos at the Airports." The deal did not include any of the restraints Democrats have demanded as they sought to rein in the Republican president's mass deportation agenda.
"We can get at least a lot of the government opened up again, and then we'll go from there," said Senate Majority Leader John Thune, R-S.D. "Obviously, we'll still have some work ahead of us."
Senate Democrat Leader Chuck Schumer of New York said the outcome could have been reached weeks ago, and he vowed that his party would continue fighting to ensure Trump's "rogue" immigration operation "does not get more funding without serious reform."
Senators worked through the night on the deal that would fund much of the rest of the department, including the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the Coast Guard, and TSA, but without funding for Immigration and Customs Enforcement as well as the Border Patrol.
In the end, Democrats got no new limits on immigration enforcement, which has remained largely uninterrupted by the shutdown. The GOP's big tax cuts bill that Trump signed into law last year funneled billions of dollars in extra funds to DHS, including $75 billion for ICE operations, ensuring the immigration officers are still being paid despite the lapse.
Next steps in the House are uncertain as passage will almost certainly require bipartisan support.
Conservative Republicans have panned their own party's proposals, demanding full funding for immigration operations. Many have vowed to ensure ICE has the resources it needs in the next budget package to carry out Trump's agenda.
"We will fully fund ICE. That is what this fight is about," Sen. Eric Schmitt, R-Mo., said as he tried to offer legislation to fund the agency. "The border is closing. The next task is deportation."
Earlier Thursday, Thune announced he had given a "last and final" offer to the Democrats. But as the day dragged on, action stalled out.
Democrats argued the GOP proposals have not gone far enough at putting guardrails on officers from ICE, Customs and Border Protection, and other federal agencies that are engaged in the immigration sweeps, particularly after the deaths of two Americans protesting the actions in Minneapolis.
They want federal agents to wear identification, remove their face masks and refrain from conducting raids around schools, churches or other sensitive places. Democrats have also pushed for an end of administrative warrants, insisting that judges sign off before agents search people's homes or private spaces — something new Homeland Security Secretary Markwayne Mullin has said he is open to considering.
Trump had largely left the issue to Congress but warned he was ready to take action, threatening to send the National Guard to airports in addition to his deployment of ICE agents, who are now checking travelers' IDs.
The White House had floated the extraordinary move of invoking a national emergency to pay the TSA agents, a politically and legally fraught approach. Instead, Trump's order would pay TSA agents using money from his 2025 tax bill, according to a senior administration official who wasn't authorized to discuss it publicly and spoke on the condition of anonymity.
If the Senate package is approved by the House and signed into law, the action Trump announced to pay TSA agents may be temporary or unneeded.
The funding shutdown has resulted in travel delays and even warnings of airport closures as TSA workers missing paychecks stop going to work.
Multiple airports are experiencing greater than 40% callout rates of TSA workers, and nearly 500 of the agency's nearly 50,000 transportation security officers have quit during the shutdown. Nationwide on Wednesday, more than 11% of the TSA employees on the schedule missed work, according to DHS. That is more than 3,120 callouts.
Everett Kelley, the president of the American Federation of Government Employees, said the union is grateful the TSA workers will be paid but added Congress must stay in session to pass a deal "that funds DHS, pays all DHS workers, and keeps these vital agencies running."
At George Bush Intercontinental Airport in Houston, Melissa Gates said she would not make her flight to Baton Rouge, Louisiana, after waiting more than 2½ hours and still not reaching the security checkpoint. She said no other flights were available until Friday.
"I should have just driven, right?" Gates said. "Five hours would have been hilarious next to this."
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