Conservative Supreme Court justices on Tuesday appeared to back a Republican-led drive, supported by President Donald Trump's administration, to overturn a quarter-century-old decision and erase limits on how much political parties can spend in coordination with candidates for Congress and president.
A day after the justices indicated they would overturn a 90-year-old decision limiting the president's power to fire independent agency heads, the court took up a 2001 decision that upheld a provision of federal election law that is more than 50 years old.
The limits stem from a desire to prevent large donors from skirting caps on individual contributions to a candidate by directing unlimited sums to the party, with the understanding that the money will be spent on behalf of the candidate.
The Federal Election Commission and the GOP argue that the court should cast a skeptical eye on the limits, in line with recent high court decisions.
Democrats are calling on the court to uphold the law.
Justices Samuel Alito, Brett Kavanaugh and Clarence Thomas all voiced skepticism about the limits, while the three liberal justices signaled they would vote to uphold them.
The other three members of the court, Chief Justice John Roberts, Justice Amy Coney Barrett and Justice Neil Gorsuch, either said nothing during two hours of arguments or not enough to indicate how they might vote.
But the conservative majority has steadily upended a variety of congressionally enacted limits on raising and spending money to influence elections. The court's 2010 Citizens United decision opened the door to unlimited independent spending in federal elections.
After the Trump administration joined with Republicans to ask the court to strike down the campaign finance law, the justices appointed a lawyer to defend it.
Roman Martinez, an experienced Supreme Court advocate, offered the justices a way out of the case without deciding anything. Instead, they should hold the case is moot now that the FEC agrees with Republicans that the law is unconstitutional and there is "no credible risk" the agency will try to enforce it, Martinez wrote.
The Republican committees for House and Senate candidates filed the lawsuit in Ohio in 2022, joined by two Ohio Republicans in Congress, then-Sen. JD Vance, now vice president, and then-Rep. Steve Chabot.
In 2025, the coordinated party spending for Senate races ranges from $127,200 in several states with small populations to nearly $4 million in California. For House races, the limits are $127,200 in states with only one representative and $63,600 everywhere else.
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