What Is Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia?

Benign prostatic hyperplasia, or BPH, is the medical term for an enlarged prostate gland in men. This condition is not cancerous, and it does not cause cancer. It can also be called benign prostatic hypertrophy or benign prostatic obstruction.

The prostate gland, which sits just above the bladder, is part of the male reproductive system. Its main function is to produce the fluid in semen that is released through the urethra during ejaculation.

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The prostate gland goes through two distinct growth phases during a man’s life. The first phase is during puberty, when the prostate doubles in size. Then, around the age of 25, the prostate begins to grow again. It is during this second growth phase that benign prostatic hyperplasia is more likely to occur, says the American Urological Association.

Over the age of 75 years, more than half of all men will experience enlarged prostate, says WebMD. It is considered a normal part of the aging process caused by hormonal changes, and while it can be uncomfortable, it is not life-threatening.

Symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia include:

• Difficulty starting and completely stopping the flow of urine
• Sensation of needing to urinate frequently, especially during the night
• Weak urine stream
• Inability to completely empty the bladder when urinating

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According to the National Institutes of Health, benign prostatic hyperplasia is often diagnosed through a physical examination of the prostate gland called a digital rectal exam and through a blood test called the prostate-specific antigen test. Elevated levels of PSA in the blood are sometimes used to check for prostate cancer, but quite often, enlarged prostate will also cause PSA levels to be high.

WebMD says medical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia isn’t always necessary as long as the symptoms are not too bothersome.

When needed, treatment of BPH involves a combination of lifestyle changes and medication. Drugs usually will not shrink the prostate but can alleviate symptoms. Limiting fluid intake, especially before bedtime, and “double voiding” or purposely urinating twice in a short period of time, can help.

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