The U.S. job market probably got off to a healthy start in 2020 but may also lose some of the luster President Donald Trump boasted about this week.
January figures due Friday are projected to show U.S. employers added about 162,000 jobs -- less than last year’s 176,000 average but still enough to keep unemployment at a half-century low. Wage gains are forecast to rebound from a surprise slump in December.
Annual long-term revisions also due Friday are anticipated to trim the robust job gains of recent years. A preliminary projection released in August showed the number of workers added to payrolls will likely be revised down 501,000 in the year through March, or almost 42,000 a month. Friday’s report will include historical revisions for all of 2019.
Another Labor Department report Thursday added to evidence that the jobs engine continues to motor ahead: Filings for unemployment benefits dropped to 202,000 in the week ended Feb. 1, the lowest level since mid-April. Initial claims have declined in seven of the last eight weeks.
For payrolls, revisions may show “the past wasn’t as rosy as we thought,” said Ward McCarthy, chief financial economist at Jefferies LLC. “That’s again another reason to think that the deceleration in payroll growth is something we’re going to be living with going forward.”
Squeezed by a cooling U.S. economy, lingering uncertainty about trade and global growth, dwindling supplies of available workers, and now a coronavirus outbreak, the slowdown in hiring is broadly in line with what economists expect for the year.
At the same time, consumer optimism is near historic highs and U.S. stocks closed at a record Wednesday, though Treasury yields remain near multi-year lows amid concerns about the coronavirus and what it means for already subdued economic projections. Weak wage figures could push down rates further.
Trump, in his State of the Union address Tuesday, highlighted numbers such as 7 million jobs created since his election and the lowest recorded unemployment levels for African Americans, Hispanics and Asian Americans.
Some numbers suggest the possibility of a better-than-expected payrolls reading on Friday. The ADP Research Institute on Wednesday reported U.S. companies added 291,000 jobs in January, the most since 2015, as hiring surged in weather-sensitive sectors like leisure and hospitality and construction.
But even a big downward revision won’t change the overall picture of labor-market tightness. The participation rate for prime-age workers, or those ages 25 to 54, is the highest in a decade. Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell has reiterated his desire to sustain the expansion “so that the strong job market reaches more of those left behind.” Companies complain about finding qualified workers, and job openings, though declining, still outnumber the unemployed.
“You can’t change that story at all with revisions,” said Jennifer Lee, a senior economist at BMO Capital Markets. “Just perhaps the pace.”
Bolstered by Republican tax cuts, 2018 saw the strongest annual job gains since 2015. The 2.1 million new jobs seen last year was both stronger than what economists had initially expected but also the smallest gain since 2011.
While tax-cut advocates say the benefits will last for years, a larger-than-expected downward revision to annual payrolls would suggest the effects were more of a temporary boost, said Michael Gapen, chief U.S. economist at Barclays Plc.
“There’s not a lot of virtuous cycle left to go in terms of employment begetting greater consumption and therefore employment. That story has kind of played out. The tax cuts have played out,” Gapen said. “The question would then be, well, where do we go from here? What causes growth going forward?”
Most economists don’t see a recession this year, though economic growth is forecast to slow to 1.8% in 2020 after 2.3% in 2019. Lackluster business investment and cooler household spending are set to weigh on job gains.
With November polls less than nine months away, Democrats are likely to try to seize on any sign of faltering in a stable economy that’s been bolstering Trump’s re-election prospects.
What Bloomberg’s Economists Say
“The January nonfarm payroll gain is likely to fall closer in line with December’s initial print of 145,000 than the November print of 256,000. Temperate winter weather, which often prevents the usual seasonal shuttering of activity in sectors such as construction, should provide modest upside risk, which in turn should at least partly counter ongoing weakness in manufacturing and mineral extraction.”
-- Carl Riccadonna, Yelena Shulyatyeva, Andrew Husby and Eliza Winger
From a markets perspective, revisions are in the rearview mirror.
“What we care about is the here and now,” said Arthur Hogan, chief market strategist at National Securities Corp. “I’d love to see a number that beats last month, I’d love to see a number that takes the three-month average higher, I’d love to see wages go up, and I’d love to see the participation rate go up -- and all those things are possible.”
Median Estimates for January Jobs Report
- Job gain of 162,000 with private payrolls up 150,000 and factory employment down
- Unemployment rate holding for third month at 3.5%, lowest since 1969
- Average hourly earnings up 0.3% from prior month, 3% from year earlier
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