A former Pennsylvania resident and two Pakistani nationals were indicted by a federal grand jury for smuggling technology to Pakistan, highlighting the U.S. Justice Department’s focus on illegal exports that might be used for weapons of mass destruction.

The men used two corporations, Optima Plus International, and Afro Asian International to export “dual-use” items, with both commercial and military or nuclear applications, for resale to the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, an arm of the Pakistani army, prosecutors said.

The U.S. has been cracking down on the use of personal networks to evade export restrictions on dual-use goods destined for countries including Pakistan and Iran. U.S. export licenses are required for such items because they can be used as nuclear weapons detonators, according to the Justice Department.

The case is the latest to involve restricted goods heading to Pakistan. In 2012, a Chinese company agreed to pay $3 million in penalties after pleading guilty to illegally exporting a high-performance coating to a power plant in Chashma, Pakistan, owned by the Atomic Energy Commission.

China Nuclear Industry Huaxing Construction Co., which is operated by the Chinese government, admitted it bought a paint system from PPG Industries Inc. in 2006 used to coat the inside of the nuclear reactor being built in Pakistan.

The Pakistan commission is responsible for the country’s nuclear program including the development and operation of nuclear power plants. The U.S. Commerce Department added the commission to its list of restricted entities in 1998 after Pakistan carried out nuclear tests.

The Pennsylvania indictment, returned in January, was unsealed today in federal court in Harrisburg, U.S. Attorney Peter J. Smith said in an e-mailed statement.

Those indicted are Shafqat Rana, formerly of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and Abdul Qadeer Rana and Shahzad Rana, both of Lahore, Pakistan. Shafqat Rana left the U.S. for Pakistan, according to the statement.

Items obtained by the men include a high-temperature sensor, a thickness gauge and an infrared calibrator, according to court documents.