Continuous exposure to toxic elements has increased our need for optimal — rather than minimal — intake of nutrients.

Exposure to toxins requires increasing vitamin and mineral ingestion, including vitamin B12.

There are many ways to test nutrient levels, including analyzing:

• Red blood cells

• White blood cells

• Hair

• Serum

• Urine

Unfortunately, all of these methods may be inadequate to test a nutrient that works inside the cells, as vitamin B12 does.

In fact, vitamin B12 performs a wide range of functions within the body, and all of them occur inside the cells.

Currently, there is no test to measure the B12 level inside the body’s cells. The serum test measures the vitamin B12 level in the bloodstream.

The reference range is 260 to 1,100 mg/mL. My clinical experience has clearly shown that the B12 reference range is much too large.

Although I test every patient’s B12 level, determining whether or not a patient needs to start therapy can’t be guided by their serum level alone. It should be actually decided more on a clinical basis.

In other words, there are countless patients who suffer from B12 deficiency even though they test within the reference range.