U.S. workers' productivity increased in the July-September period at a slower pace than in the previous quarter while labor costs accelerated but still remained at an extremely low level.

Productivity, the amount of output per hour of work, rose at a 2 percent annual rate in the third quarter after a 2.9 percent gain in the second quarter, the Labor Department reported Thursday.

Labor costs rose at a slight 0.3 percent rate in the third quarter after having fallen at a 0.5 percent rate in the second quarter.

Greater productivity is the key factor determining rising living standards. It enables companies to pay their workers more without having to increase prices. Even with the small acceleration in labor costs, they remain far below levels that would raise concerns about inflation.

The overall economy, as measured by the gross domestic product, grew at an annual rate of 3.5 percent in the third quarter, a solid performance that followed a 4.6 percent surge in the second quarter.

The GDP is the economy's total output of goods and services. Since output growth slowed in the third quarter, productivity slowed as well.

Over the past year, labor costs have risen 2.4 percent, a modest increase that is below the long-run average of 2.8 percent annual gains. That suggests that wages and salaries are not rising fast enough to spur inflation.

The Federal Reserve keeps a close watch on productivity and labor costs for any signs that inflation may be accelerating.

Over the past year, productivity has increased by a modest 0.9 percent, well below the long-run average of 2.2 percent.

Productivity surged in 2009 and 2010 in the aftermath of the Great Recession. Companies cut jobs faster than their output was falling. driving productivity higher as fewer workers did more. Productivity grew 3.2 percent in 2009 and 3.3 percent in 2010.

But in the past three years, productivity growth has averaged just 1 percent per year as hiring has picked up. Economists are uncertain whether this is just a temporary slowdown or a new normal for the economy.